The Executive Branch of US Government

The Executive Branch of US Government The President of the United States is in charge of the executive branch of the United States federal government. The executive branch is empowered by the U.S. Constitution to oversee the implementation and enforcement of all laws passed by the legislative branch in the form of Congress. As one of the foundational elements of a strong central government as envisioned by America’s Founding Fathers, the executive branch dates to the Constitutional Convention in 1787. Hoping to protect the liberties of individual citizens by preventing the government from abusing its power, the Framers crafted the first three articles of the Constitution to establish three separate branches of government: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. The Role of the  President Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution states: â€Å"The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.†Ã‚   As the head of the executive branch, the President of the United States functions as the head of state representing U.S. foreign policy and as the Commander-in-Chief of all branches of the U.S. armed forces. The president appoints the heads of the federal agencies, including the Secretaries of the Cabinet agencies, as well as the justices of the U.S. Supreme Court. As part of the system of checks and balances, the president’s nominees for these positions require the approval of the Senate. The president also appoints, without the approval of the Senate, more than 300 people to high-level positions within the federal government. The president is elected every four years and chooses his vice president as a running mate. The president is the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Armed Forces and is essentially the leader of the country. As such, he must deliver a State of the Union address to Congress once each year; may recommend legislation to Congress; may convene Congress; has the power to appoint ambassadors to other nations; can appoint Supreme Court justices and other federal judges; and is expected, with his Cabinet and its agencies, to carry out and enforce the laws of the United States. The president may serve no more than two four year terms. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president more than twice. The Role of the  Vice President The vice president, who also is a member of the Cabinet, serves as president in the event that the president is unable to do so for any reason or if the president steps down. The vice president also presides over the U.S. Senate and can cast a deciding vote in the event of a tie. Unlike the president, the vice president can serve an unlimited number of four-year terms, even under different presidents. The  Roles of the  Cabinet Agencies The members of the President’s Cabinet serve as advisors to the president. The cabinet members include the Vice President and the heads of 15 executive branch departments. With the exception of the vice president, cabinet members are nominated by the President and must be approved by the Senate. The President’s Cabinet departments are:   The Department of Agriculture, among other functions, ensures that the food Americans consume is safe and regulates the nations vast farming infrastructure.The Department of Commerce helps regulate trade, banking and the economy; among its agencies are the Census Bureau and the Patent and Trademark Office.The Department of Defense, which includes the U.S. Armed Forces, protects the nations security and is headquartered at the Pentagon.The Department of Education is responsible for ensuring equal access to a quality education for all.The Department of Energy keeps the U.S. plugged in, regulating utilities, ensuring the security of power supplies and promoting new technology to conserve energy resources.Health and Human Services help keep Americans healthy; its agencies include the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control, National Institutes of Health and the Administration on Aging.The Department of Homeland Security, established in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, is charged with preventing terrorist attacks in the U.S. and helping to fight the war on terror and includes the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Housing and Urban Development promotes affordable home-ownership and ensures that no one is discriminated against in the pursuit of that goal.Interior is dedicated to protecting and nurturing natural resources, national parks, and wildlife. Among its agencies are the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.Justice, led by the Attorney General, enforces the nations laws and includes, among other agencies, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).The Department of Labor enforces labor laws and keeps workers safety and rights protected.State is charged with diplomacy; its representatives reflect the United States as part of the world community.The Department of Transportation established the Interstate Highway System and keeps the U.S. transportation infrastructure safe and functioning.Treasury ensures the countrys financial and economic stability, manages federal finances and collects taxes . Veterans Affairs provides medical care for wounded or ill veterans and administers veterans benefits. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer and a former copy editor for The Philadelphia Inquirer newspaper.

What Is Your Round White Pill 21 Possibilities

What Is Your Round White Pill 21 Possibilities SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have a round white pill in a baggie or pillbox and you aren’t sure what it is? Trying to figure out what the loose white round pill with a numbered imprint in the bottom of your medicine drawer is? In this guide to identifying your white round pill, we’ll go over how to identify an unknown white round pill and include some common round white pills with different imprints to help you identify your mysterious medication! Identifying Your Round White Pill: Safety Note Before we describe how to identify your round white pill, here are a couple of important safety notes on unidentified pills: #1: Don’t Take a Pill If You Aren’t Sure What It Is Unless you are absolutely, positively, 100% sure that you’ve successfully identified your white round pill, don’t take it. Taking medication when you aren’t 100% sure what you’re taking is incredibly dangerous and could even lead to death depending on what the pill is and what else you’re taking. #2: Don’t Take Pills That Weren’t Prescribed to You Even if you successfully identify the pill in question, what should you do if it’s not something that’s been prescribed to you? If you identify a prescription medication that wasn’t prescribed to you, don’t take it. It’s very dangerous to take pills that weren’t prescribed to you because a doctor has not assessed whether that medication is safe for you to take. Also, it’s best to keep pills in their original bottles as much as possible so that you don’t end up with unidentified little white round pills floating around. But if you’re reading this article, it’s too late for that! Just something to keep in mind for the future. This doesn't look like the original bottle! 3 Steps to Identifying Your Round White Pill Here is our 3-step process to identifying your white round pill: Step 1: Check Imprint/Pill Code Many pills have some kind of number or letter combination imprinted on one or both sides. This is known as the imprint or the pill code. The first thing to do is check whether there’s any kind of stamp on either side of your white round pill. If yes, note down what it is. A white round pill with an imprint will be much easier to identify than a circle white pill without one. Step 2: Measure Pill Size Are you dealing with a small round white pill? A medium-sized one? A big one? Measuring your pill’s exact length in millimeters will help you identify it, especially if your pill has an imprint that other, different medications also have. Step 3: Look Up Pill We have some common imprints (with sizes) listed in the next section of this article. (You can ctrl+F to try to find the imprint/pill code you are looking for). If the pill you’re looking for isn’t listed below, you can look up pills by size, shape, color, and imprint on the National Library of Medicine’s Pillbox site. Note that some pills share an imprint. For example, a small round white pill with an imprint of 10 could be hyoscyamine sulfate, iloperidone, alendronate sodium, or one of several other drugs. Knowing the size might help you narrow it down, but then again, maybe not: both hyoscyamine sulfate and alendronate sodium come in 5 mm pills. The pictures of the pills are slightly different, but not all the pills in Pillbox have pictures. If you can’t determine definitively what the pill is, don’t take it, and follow safe disposal practices per the FDA. Get out that ruler and get ready to measure! Common Round White Pills In this section, we’ll go over common white round pills by imprint or pill code. We’ll also give a size, identify the drug and what it’s for, and list what else the medication is sold as. We've included an image of the pill from Pillbox when an image is available. Pill codes that identify the same or similar drugs are grouped together. Round White Pill AN 627 Tramadol hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 9 mm What it is: Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Ultram Round White Pill 319 Size: 9 mm What it is: Tramadol hydrochloride 50 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Ultram Round White Pill 512 Oxycodone and acetaminophen. Source: Pillbox. Size: 12 mm What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet Round White Pill A349 Size: 12 mm What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet Round White Pill 54 543 Roxicet oxycodone and acetaminophen. Source: Pillbox. Size: 11 mm What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg; this particular imprint is the brand-name Roxicet What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet Round White Pill IP 203 Size: 11 mm capsule What it is: Oxycodone 5 mg / Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet Round White Pill K 18 Size: 6 mm What it is: Oxycodone hydrochloride 5 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Roxicodone, Endocodone, Percolone, Oxaydo Round White Pill 4810 V Oxycodone hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 6 mm What it is: Oxycodone hydrochloride 5 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Roxicodone, Endocodone, Percolone, Oxaydo Round White Pill OP 10 OxyContin 10 mg oxycodone. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: 10 mg extended-release oxycodone hydrochloride; this imprint in particular is OxyContin What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic pain reliever for moderate to severe pain Also sold as: Authorized generic Oxycodone ER. Round White Pill 44 159 Size: 13 mm What it is: Acetaminophen 250 MG / Aspirin 250 MG / Caffeine 65 MG What it’s for: Over-the-counter pain reliever primarily for migraines and menstrual cramps Also sold as: Excedrin Extra Strength, Excedrin Tension Headache, Excedrin Menstrual Complete, Bayer Migraine Formula, Pamprin Round White Pill PLIVA 433 Trazodone hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 9 mm What it is: Trazodone hydrochloride 50 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only serotonin modulator and stimulator (SMS) antidepressant; also prescribed for insomnia Also sold as: Desyrel Round White Pill M 4 Hydromorphone hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: Hydromorphone hydrochloride 4 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid/narcotic painkiller Also sold as: Dilaudid Round White Pill APO TI-4 Tizanidine hydrochloride. Source: Pillbox. Size: 8 mm. What it is: Tizanidine hydrochloride 4 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only muscle relaxant; also prescribed for migraines, as a sleep aid, and as an anticonvulsant Also sold as: Zanaflex, Sirdalud Round White Pill G 2011 Orphenadrine Citrate. Source: Pillbox. Size: 9 mm What it is: Orphenadrine citrate 100 mg What it’s for: Extended-release prescription-only muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasms and pain Also sold as: Norflex Extended-Release Round White Pill GPI A325 Acetaminophen. Source: Pillbox. Size: 10 mm What it is: Acetaminophen 325 mg What it’s for: Over-the-counter painkiller Also sold as: Tylenol Round White Pill 10 M Size: 7 mm What it is: Methylphenidate hydrochloride 10 mg What it’s for: A prescription-only stimulant used to treat ADHD and sometimes narcolepsy Also sold as: Ritalin Round White Pill Watson 241 1 Lorazepam. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: Lorazepam 1 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only anti-anxiety medication of the benzodiazepine class. Also sold as: Ativan, Temesta Round White Pill M 15 Diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate. Source: Pillbox. Size: 6 mm What it is: Diphenoxylate hydrochloride 2.5 mg / Atropine sulfate 0.025 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only opioid used to treat diarrhea; atropine is included to discourage misuse Also sold as: Lomotil Round White Pill G 4 Ondansetron. Source: Pillbox. Size: 7 mm What it is: Ondansetron 4 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only nausea/vomiting treatment, primarily prescribed for chemotherapy or post-surgery Also sold as: Zofran Round White Pill W 921 Cefuroxime axetil. Source: Pillbox. Size: 11 mm What it is: Cefuroxime axetil 250 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Also sold as: Ceftin Round White Pill W 929 Lisinopril. Source: Pillbox. Size: 8 mm What it is: Lisinopril 10 mg What it’s for: Prescription-only ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure. Also sold as: Zestril, Prinivil Identifying Your Round White Pill: The Bottom Line Is your unidentified white pill round? In this article, we went over how to identify a white round pill with an imprint or pill code. First it’s important to note that if you can’t identify what your small round white pill is definitively, you shouldn’t take it. You also shouldn’t take a circle white pill if it’s prescription-only and something that wasn’t prescribed to you. Here’s our three-step process to identifying your little round white pill: #1: Check the imprint/code (the combination of letters and numbers found on one or both sides of the pill).#2: Measure the pill’s size in mm.#3: Check the rest of the article for common pill codes and imprints, or look on Pillbox if it’s not listed. Note that multiple medicines may share the same pill code and even the same size. If you can’t definitively identify your pill, don’t take it. What's Next? Want more in-depth info about other pills? We can tell you about M366 pills and and white 377 pills. Wondering whether supplements work? We can give you the scoop on booty pop, cebria, and virectin- do they work? Are they safe? Curious about designer drugs? We can tell you all about 4-ho-met and 4-fa.

Persuasive synthesis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Persuasive synthesis - Research Paper Example However, it is possible to treat and cure cancer when discovered during its early stages through chemotherapy. This scientific process uses radioactive rays to kill the cancerous tumors that form part of the cancer. There are several types of cancer; these include breast cancer, prostate cancer, and vaginal cancer. Nowadays cancer has become the most deadly disease in the world, attributed to causing deaths of several notable figures in the world, e.g. Steve Jobs, founder and CEO of Apple Company. The relatives of these people suffer from various challenges. This is because the thought of their suffering relative really paints a negative impact in their physical, emotional, and mental status, thereby causing them a lot of pain (Ronda, Talley, McCorkle and Baile). The patient requires total attention from their relatives. This is because the cancerous cells usually eat up his body and mind leaving him weak both physically and psychologically. Therefore, the relatives have to come around to fill this void by being there for their sick relative. They have to spend a lot of time attending to them. This means they must shelve all their other engagements in order to be with the patient at the hour of need. This is in itself suffering because it denies them an opportunity to pursue other matters. In addition to being there for the patients, the relatives may sometimes lack sleep because they have to stay awake to keep the Patient Company especially if they have no sleep due to extreme pain or extreme depression. (Ronda, Talley, McCorkle and Baile). Furthermore, since they cannot nurse their patient away from home, they have to complete all scheduled work outside their homes. This is to allow them ample time to attend to the patient when they get back home. The emotional pain they encounter comes from their desire to satisfy the patient, who in most cases has lost all the hope in life. They have to make him feel important and loved so that they can give

Mobile Telecom Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Mobile Telecom Networks - Essay Example Network economics play a vital role in modern economy, which would be greatly diminished if without the existence of transportation, communications, information, and railway networks. Many earlier literatures have analyzed the major economic features of networks, such as Gandal et al. (2000), who studyies the development of CD technology and concludes that the number of CD titles available greatly affects consumers' willingness-to-pay for CD players. Shurmer (1993) uses consumer survey results to analyze network externalities in software by questioning consumers directly about their attitudes towards software standards. Park (2003) studies the role of network effects in the standard war of the video recording systems. ... In contrast, there are very few works on direct network effects, which have been are defined as those generated through a direct physical effect of the number of purchasers on the value of a product. 2. Network effects and mobile telecommunication industry 2.1 Network effects and compatibility In the mobile telecommunication industry, the 2G (second generation) mobile networks are believed to exhibit the direct network effects: the value of a network increases when people can call a larger set of persons. In the presence of such effects, mobile users would prefer to subscribe to the operator with a larger installed base, which offers a more attractive product. , iIn turn, inducing more customers are induced to subscribe to its networks which producinges a yet bigger installed base advantage. and theAccordingly the service providers accordingly tend to compete more aggressively to increase their market share than would otherwise be the case. But However, along with the diffusion of the 3G networks, indirect network effects begin to play an increasing role, since its their usage heavily relies on the available data services. This could be an interesting topic for future studies. Compatibility is one critical factor conditioning the impact of network effects on market outcomes. It is defined as a measure of the extent to which utility derived by users of a given network product is influenced by the number of users of competing network products (Katz and Shapiro, 1985). The incentive for compatibility is subject to depends on the relative sizes of the demands for each competing network goods. When companies have similar installed bases, they make their

Drama Therapy In Reduction Of Vicarious Trauma Psychology Essay

Drama Therapy In Reduction Of Vicarious Trauma Psychology Essay Drama therapy is defined as an intentional and systematic application of drama/ theater processes, products, and associations towards achieving therapeutic goals of symptom relief, emotional and physical integration and individual/personal growth. Therefore, the goals of drama therapy are established from psychotherapy and the tools to achieve these goals are derived from theater Children use drama as therapy spontaneously, with no outside direction or pre-imposed structure. Dramatic play is the childs method of: symbolically expressing and resolving internal conflict; assimilating reality; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦releasing pent-up emotions; learning to control potentially destructive impulses through fantasy; expressing unaccepted parts of the self; exploring problems and discovering solutions; expressing hopes and wishes;à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and developing a sense of identity (cited in Emunah, 1994, p.4). These fundamental dramatic play functions in childrens lives are also relevant to everybody regardless of age towards building psychological growth and change. These plays help client to tell his or her story to solve a problem, achieve catharsis, extend the depth and breadth of inner experiences, understand the meaning of images, and strengthen the ability to observe personal roles while increasing flexibility between roles (Emunah, 1994) The experience by psychotherapists of failure of traditional verbal therapy to confront and work through client discomfort led to the evolving of drama therapy. The balance of verbal and non-verbal elements of play therapy together with its language of metaphor enables individual to work effectively within a therapeutic session. Trauma experiences that have been proved to be toxic to peoples life can be recapitulated to workers who are supposed to be helping the traumatized clients. This has detrimental impact on the clients and also can lead to demoralization of help givers and wastage of resources. It can also lead to the belief that the clients receiving the help are the cause of the problem and that the clients condition is hopeless and they cannot be assisted or helped. This transfer of trauma from the client to the care giver is known as vicarious traumatization (Kellermann, 1992). Vicarious trauma is inevitable while dealing with clients who have suffered major losses or suffered terrible events. It cannot be avoided but can be modified or reduced through drama therapy (Jones, 1996). Vicarious Traumatization Vicarious traumatization also known as secondary traumatization is the impacts of working with clients who have experienced trauma through the narration of their story about the experiences. It is called secondary because the person affected by the trauma has no direct link with the event that led to the trauma but experiences the trauma indirectly through their client (Andersen et al, 2000). A good example is of workers helping the refugees. Since the refugees have suffered major losses and life-shattering events, those working with refugee such as teachers, medical doctors, and immigration workers among others will be subject to vicarious traumatization and its impacts. Vicarious traumatization is usually a slow, cumulative process that takes place in the course of hearing many stories of loss and pain (Emunah, 1994 Axline, 1947). This makes it difficult to detect its impacts on the care givers lives. In most cases the care givers do not realize that they are suffering from vicari ous traumatization until when it is too late and they have burned out. The impact of vicarious traumatization like the impacts of trauma itself is serious and can be permanent. It interferes with the care givers/workers ability to do their work effectively and this highlights the need to recognize, monitor, and minimize the effects of vicarious traumatization on workers lives (Kellermann, 1992). Understanding Vicarious Traumatization and Its Impacts As defined above, vicarious traumatization is the experience of trauma related stress that is often caused by working closely with trauma victims. Trauma in definition is any experience involving serious threat personal harm or harm to others and excessive negative emotions like fear, helplessness, rage, and grief. These experiences can happen at any time of the life of individuals who have gone major losses or suffered terrible occurances for instance in a refugee life it can occur during resettlement process or any other phase of a refugee life (Jones, 1996). It is not possible to hear stories of tragic losses, human brutal harassments, gross injustice, and needless suffering and remain unaffected by such stories by workers who encounter human suffering on daily basis. The only way to remain unaffected is only by choosing to be numb by blocking our senses but this most often leads to ineffectiveness in service delivery and can also lead to depression and other associated problems(Jones, 1996). The fact is that we are changed by the nature of our work usually in ways we do not want. For example a volunteer who is optimistic on him/herself towards helping refugee may change drastically and become increasingly cynical and discouraged because of the unique stress emanating from his/her job (Andersen et al, 2000). Vicarious traumatization can take various forms which are determined by an individual and the work environment. The fact that people response to stress are different, there is no single symptom or set of signs that provide absolute evidence of vicarious traumatization or an exhaustive list showing all the signs and symptoms. Nevertheless, many of the impacts of vicarious traumatization are similar to the impacts of the trauma itself. Some of the signs and symptoms of vicarious traumatization include; fatigue, depression, withdrawal from other or from activities, loss of trust, demoralization, cynicism, disillusionment, lack of sleep, loss of sense of humor, lack of emotional control and strong emotional reactions to minor occurrences, and difficulty ,making decision among other symptoms (Kellermann, 1992). Like water flowing over a rock in a stream, on daily basis nothing seems to be happening to the rock but several years later, have of the rock will be worn out. Similarly, vicarious traumatization is cumulative and on a day-to-day basis, we may hardly realize that we are experiencing stress. Eventually the vicarious traumatization wears us down and if not dealt with, it leaves us in an exhausted position. Once in this exhausted position we are unable to think clearly, make rational judgments, listen carefully, or even help others effectively (Jones, 1996). In addition, attributes such as cynicism, disillusionment, despair among others becomes part of our permanent identities (Carey, 1990). These are serious and damaging impacts. Fortunately, such impacts can be reduced by taking an active role of reducing such stresses that are associated with working closely with trauma survivors. The first step towards addressing vicarious traumatization is to accept that such trauma does exist and have an understanding of the contributing factors of vicarious traumatization (Sue, 1994). Management of Vicarious Traumatization through Drama Therapy Some researchers argue that dramatic activities do encourage a removal from the reality which is an escapist way of being, relating to others, and relating to the world. Others argue that theatre and life are totally different states and if they do relate, it is only within the confines of a theatre with its formal demarcation of performance and audience areas. Some argument view adult dramatization as being regressive returning to the experience of the child in play. Nevertheless, some scholars argue that drama and living are virtually connected. As Evreinov wrote theater is a human impulse necessary to health living (cited in Jones, 1996). Drama therapy acknowledges that a part of this want and impulse can be employed in the maintenance of health and coping with emotional and psychological problems (De Dominico, 1988 Gil, 1994). The creation of world of fictions, play world, and the creative process itself does not need only to be seen in the perspective of an unhelpful retreat fr om the reality but rather be seen as an important part of living in the world. Creativity in drama therapy has a healing, life-affirming aspect. The fantasies and the artistic daydreams help in conquering the painful limits of existence. They also help in dealing with our basic conflicts (Carey, 2006). Over the past two decades, acknowledgement of drama as a therapy has changed and this has led to the emergence of drama therapy as practiced today. These changes have two main aspects as observed by Jones that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦drama therapy session can deal with primary processes involved in the clients change rather than being adjunct to other ways of working, such as psychotherapyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that the root of this process is in the drama. Dram therapy is not viewed by those who support it as a psychotherapy group containing dramatic activities but rather the drama process contains the therapy itself (Jones, 1996). Drama therapy techniques Various elements of drama therapy combined together make drama therapy effective. These elements explain the way in which drama processes are therapeutic. These elements are not specific to any drama technique but their focus is on fundamental processes within all drama therapy. The key areas of drama and theatre which are of essence to drama therapist includes; the process of entry into playing as a character, entry into dramatic state, dramatic communication, relationship between the dramatic frame and real life frame, performance processes, and the audience together with the process of witnessing in theatre. These drama elements are essential in developing the healing power of drama and theatre and out of them there emerges series of dramatic processes which are crucial towards making drama therapy effective(Carey, 2006, Sue, 1994). The first core drama process is dramatic projection. Wilshire in his work Role Playing and Identity describes the relationship between stage space and audience in a way that help us to see how drama projection relates to drama therapy. He observes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the constant attractions and the needs for theatre is that we see ourselves writ large' (Wilshire, 1982cited in Emunah, 1994). According to this observation, seeing ourselves the way we are leads toward changing oneself according to the way we understand or see ourselves which may include a change in our perspective. In addition, as an audience, we may identify with some of characters on the stage through motivation, experience or attitude. This may also be accompanied with projection of our own motivations, feelings and experience according to the direction provided by the actor. Drama content and action witnessed by the audience can lead to a shift of their relationship with the projected feelings during or after the p erformance. In turn, this may affect the way the audience understand and feel about part of themselves that have been engaged with the projection (Sue, 1997). This projection and identification with the drama scene are not only to the clients that could be suffering from trauma experiences but also to the therapist who from the traditional verbal expression may be a subject to vicarious traumatization because they are actively involved as an actor or audience and also the way the client expresses his or her inner feelings through acting has lesser vicarious traumatization impacts. Though some theory such as classic freud sees projection and identification as a defensive process, the drama therapy sees it as an important process that develops important relationship between inner emotions and external forms and presences (Weber et al, 2005 Carey, 2006). The other core process of drama therapy is the therapeutic performance process. This process includes need identification, rehearsal, showing, and disengagement. There are two impacts within this process. The process enables the client to find expression for the material to be worked on and the working means with the material. During rehearsal and showing, client can shift their relationship to personal material by playing different role in the enactment or by directing alternative ways of the play. The focus here is to explore the content displayed by the client (Emunah, 1994). Clients and therapists may become role player or an audience member for a while. Taking these roles may be therapeutic for both the clients and the therapist for it provides an opportunity for a change in the link with the material or shift in perspective concerning the expressed material. The client and therapist involvement with the medium of drama through acting may allow them to experience their own creat ivity. Eventually they may be able to bring this creativity to bear upon the problem being focused within the action. This creativity may necessitate a change as the client and the therapist is able to address the problematic material from various perspectives (Sue, 1994). For instance, outside drama therapy session, a client or therapist may be stuck with a problem but they may feel capable of finding the solution through creatively engaging and experimenting new alternatives in the drama (Miller, 1994). Empathy and distancing which are other processes within drama are often two opposing powers within theatre and drama therapy. But it would be beneficial if we see both as part of any reaction that result from a dramatic phenomenon either in a theatre or therapy. One may be established more strongly than the other but it is irrational to describe a response as being completely distanced or empathized. Empathy and distancing are associated to mediation and the ways in which an individual interact with others and happenings in life. As Landy observes, healthy functioning requires a balance of feeling and thought (Landy, 1986, 98 cited in Emunah, 1994 ). Empathy creates a bond between the actor and the audience. It is determined by the capabilities of the audience to identify with and engage their emotions with the character. It can also be evident within the character themselves through the role they are acting with. On the other hand, distancing is where the character does not allow to tal transformation on the stage into the character he is acting (Miller, 1994). Empathy development in dramatic activities is therapeutic in itself. For instance clients may have a problem of establishing relationship due to lack of abilities to empathize with other. Empathetic responses during therapy sessions encourage the client to empathize with others outside the drama therapy. On the other hand, distancing encourages participation that is more focused towards thought, reflection and perspective. This means that the client function as a reader to the material without being disengaged from the material but involved with it from a different angle (Allen, 1988). This helps the client to develop perspective on themselves or an event. The degree of response, of empathy and distancing within an action can be used as an instrument in the assessment of clients relationship with the material they present (Emunah, 1994). Drama representation is described as the means chosen to express material within a drama session. Two particular elements common within drama practice are personification and impersonation. Personification is representing a person quality using objects dramatically. Impersonation on the other hand refers to role playing of an imaginary person (Miller, 1994). These two elements provide the client or the therapist a given focus of expression and exploration of problems and concerns. It enables the client to have a taste of what it is to be another (Emunah, 1994). This links the process of developing empathy and eventually developing the ways a client interacts with others. It can also help in the process of viewing a problematic circumstance from the point of view of another person. Participation of fictional material through personification and impersonations can develop opportunities to change and explore the concern in a new direction. This fictional world enables client exploration s which the client might deny in the normal life circumstances. Play activities which is another process in drama therapy is described as the expressive language in the therapeutic sessions. In early stages, a play usually contains games and warm up activities. A state of playfulness is developed and the client enters into a special playing state. This playful session has a link with reality. The links are exhibited by a more creative, flexible attitude towards action, impacts and held ideas. This allows the client to adopt a playful, experimenting direction towards themselves and their life encounters (Miller, 1994). . This makes play to be seen as part of an expressive continuum using specific language such object play, toys, and games among others which is seen as part of hoe the client explores material in drama therapy (Weber et al, 2005).. Conclusion In many occasions, work in drama therapy involves a direct dramatic representation of reality for instance playing a role of real life event or an improvised experience. At other time it is indirect relationship with real life event. Many activities give a number of various types of connection simultaneously. For example a realistic role play of relationship between a client and her mother, exploring unaddressed problem may have various importance. To the client presenting material, to the other actors and audience, the relationship, may symbolize a struggle between self and personified by the mother and daughter (Miller, 1994).. The process of being involved in drama activities and the potential creativity of enactment can bring transformation in a persons life. This is as result of transformation of identity- the artist in the client is established within drama therapy. The development of dramatic products, the participation in dramatic process can result to a combination of thinki ng, feeling and creativity (Sue, 1994). This combination has a potential to transform different aspects of clients way of understanding and responding to themselves and the world. The interactions which the client forms in the drama therapy can be transformative experience. Past interactions, events and ways of addressing them cab be brought into the current drama therapy and be reworked within the drama.

Alliant Health System: A Vision of Total Quality Essay

1. Is Alliant’s strategy Sound? What does it have to do well to succeed? a. No strategy is totally sound.b. On paper, Alliant’s strategy would seem sound but, even though over the past five years they have made progress, Alliant has hit a few snags along the way that has prevented their strategy from becoming truly sound. i. They have only been able to lay down a foundation.c. Alliant is faced with â€Å"a culture and a climate that is inhospitable to the TQM philosophy.† ii. CEO Wolford states the he cannot â€Å"point to any one area that demonstate[s] we are substantially better than our competition.†d. â€Å"Alliant had achieved breakthroughs in organizational learning at each step in their TQM journey.† e. CARES+ – â€Å"basic outline for quality goal-setting and review†; bureaucraticf. EQUIP – â€Å"employees used it as a substitute for talking to their managers about day-to-day issues† g. Quality Improvement Teams – weren’t able to â€Å"bite off little pieces† and instead tried to solve â€Å"world hunger† problems; only able to come up with programs but was not capable implementing them; some have been â€Å"going on for over a year with nothing to show for it† h. Critical Paths – Unable to monitor rate of compliance, statistics was anywhere from 2% to 70% i. Have to do well to succeed:iii. Alliant needs to get everybody on board with Total Quality Management (TQM) for their strategy to succeed. 1. The quality process still needs a jumpstart.2. Some physicians are reluctant to adopt the new way of thinking. iv. Implement an IT system that â€Å"support[s] TQM and provide[s] Alliant with the information it need[s] to manage its evolution into the health care organization of the future.† v. Create a central quality organization that could come up with programs and implement them. 2. How well have they implemented the quality strategy? j. Alliant came up with guiding principles and a 10-point action plan to help introduce TQM to the organization through quality management teams (QMT). vi. Alliant was thorough in making sure their quality strategy was implemented systematically through targeted programs and processes that would help their â€Å"organization achieve a competitive advantage based on the management of quality. â€Å" vii. They implemented the quality stategy well in the first year because after Petersdorf died in 1987, â€Å"quality had already taken root† and â€Å"one of the board’s primary selectin criteria for Petersdorf’s replacement was a commitment to total quality management.† k. In the second year of implementation, Alliant saw their most profitable year in the history of the company. l. Four components of TQM strategy were implemented pretty well: viii. CARES+ process â€Å"diffused rapidly across Alliant†; Were â€Å"making the transition from traditional planning to quality improvement†; found quality planning process to be highly effective ix. EQUIP allowed employees to voice their ideas; helped communicate between employees, managers, and executives x. Quality Improvement Teams â€Å"prescribed specific analytical tools and walked a team from problem statement through actions, results, and future plans†; drilled right to the core of performance issues; applied statistical process control techniques to cash flow to bring the receivables range down xi. Critical Paths worked; was able to shorten length of hospital stay for coronary artery bypass graft surgeries from 17 days to 13 days and reduced average costs from $41,863 to $35,843; saved Alliant almost $1 million in 1990; moves process along if everyone works with the same time frame in mind 3.  Assess Alliant’s information technology agenda/strategy. m. Believed information technology (I/T) is a key in the future strength of TQM n. Need â€Å"expert systems – computers to help the mind†Ã‚  o. â€Å"Was a shift in focus: to patient-oriented systems rather than functional, â€Å"stove pipe† applications that met narrow departmental needs. p. Physicians, clinical support professionals, and administrators could share information and drive continuous improvement in service q. â€Å"HELP offered advice on possible diagnoses, cost-effective treatments, resource scheduling, and drug contraindications.† r. New I/T strategy offered significant advantages over Alliant’s existing patchwork of stand-alone systems: xii. System worked concurrently – advice was available as patient was being treated xiii. Had the potential to improve coordination dramatically by collecting data from  all corners of the hospital into a single patient-centered system 3. This would minimize patient costs and stay and the quality of care would be improved by eliminating â€Å"inappropriate procedures, unnecessary waiting time, and ineffective treatments.† 4. Would you proceed with HELP? s. Yes xiv. HELP would bring together Alliant’s hospitals and technically make it one working unit by providing a single patient-oriented system that had all data of a patient from every area of the hospital in one computer making Alliant efficient, productive, and quality focused. xv. This would allow information to be shared and eliminate all repeat and unnecessary procedures and allow a shorter waiting time because information would not have to be collected again. xvi. In effect, HELP would improve quality. 5. What would you do to make sure the implementation is successful? t. Make sure that the process works for us rather than us work for the process u. Take everything one step at a time; analyze little by little instead of taking in everything at once v. Make sure everybody was on board with Total Quality Management by restructuring the culture and climate in making TQM more hospitable w. Train managers with a familiar interface as that of HELP  xvii. This would help with a smooth short-term transition and involve fewer hiccups. xviii. â€Å"Stabilize the existing infrastructure, lay the foundation for HELP, and begin to make some progress on automating support for TQM†

Does Social Mobility Provide Evidence For The Demise Of...

â€Å"Does ‘social mobility’ provide evidence for the demise of social class?† In this essay, I will be gathering information and discussing the possible evidence regarding whether or not it is a component of the ‘demise’ of social class. I will be including relevant and up to date information as well as introducing sociologists such as Karl Marx and Max Weber. Also, I will be including references and a bibliography to support my discussion. Social mobility can be defined as â€Å"the movement of individuals, families, households, or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society. It is a change in social status relative to others social location within a given society† (Wikipedia, 2016). Social mobility refers to the†¦show more content†¦Also, social mobility can show whether the life chances of a child and their chances of success are largely a result of the social class which they are born into, as well as other factors like their gender or ethnic origin. (Browne, 1992) According to Giddens and Birdsall (2001), open stratification systems are those in which at least some value is given to achieved status characteristics in a society. The movement can be in a downward or upward direction. Social mobility may be absolute or relative. Absolute social mobility refers to the overall numbers of people who end up in a different layer of stratification from that of their parents. Relative social mobility refers to the differences in probability of attaining a certain outcome, regardless of overall structural changes; a society can have high absolute mobility and low relative mobility. The availability of at least some social mobility can be important in providing pathways to greater equality in societies with high social inequality. (Crompton, 2008) In recent year’s social mobility, the expanding higher education system and greater job flexibility have all been cited as examples of how social class is apparently becoming progressively demised in current Britain. Historically, social class was extremely important in society which was defined by a hierarchy. For example, the established middle class or the traditional working class. According to Clark (2015), social mobility barely exists, so it